Where Does Energy In U.S Come From? [Guest Article]

Looking at the charts beneath, you could see that electricity consumption has grown significantly each 12 months and in 2018, it hit an all-time high. However, you?Ll observe a few changes within the manner we use each energy supply. Coal is the only strength supply below that has suffered a decline and renewable power has these days surpassed nuclear power. As new technologies are advanced, we are finding new approaches to satisfy the accelerated strength call for. The future of power consumption will appearance very unique than it does these days. Where does power in US come from? By no wonder, oil has been the most important and maximum famous source of electricity. Since the 1950s, oil and herbal gasoline were used to warmth houses. Now in 2020, you already know that petroleum is used for plenty different motives and industries, from powering our cars to packaging merchandise in plastic. Although coal became any other famous source of power, it has been on the decline for the previous couple of a long time. It?S much less green than different assets and negatively impacts the environment. To solution that trouble, the U.S. Has been investing in renewable electricity assets. Wind, sun, and panas bumi strength are proving to be wonderful resources for a clean future. Are renewables the future? Although handiest 11% of U.S. Strength manufacturing comes from renewable assets, it's miles anticipated to develop. Solar, wind, and geothermal periode strength are 3 of the pinnacle sources for renewable power. Among those, wind is the quickest developing and judging from the production map, it has wide geographic potential as properly. Geothermal strength, which makes use of underground temperatures to switch power, is turning into a famous opportunity for domestic heating and cooling. Of path, residential solar panels are gaining huge adoption as nicely. As renewable energy alternatives become greater to be had, the power consumption panorama is probable to transport in the direction of a greater sustainable future. This infographic from The Zebra walks through the records of strength use, in which strength is produced, and what the future of energy may additionally appear to be. Author bio: Amanda Tallent is a creator who covers everything from enterprise to life-style. She creates content to help humans live more informed and assured lives. Want to write guest blog for us? See guidelineshere
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Download Geoscience Books

We are thankful to Qazi Sohail Imran for offering Geoscience books to our community. Qazi is from Islamabad Pakistan and is a Former Research Geophysicist at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals. He is contributing to his oil and gas network with the accept as true with that "Knowledge is energy and information shared is electricity elevated".Follow the hyperlink above the pics to download the books. However if the hyperlink isn't working or you've got some other question, just point out it in comment or electronic mail us right here , we can fix it for you. Download Here 2. Name: Physical Geology- Earth Revealed. 9th Edition by C.C. Plummer      Download Here 3. Name: An Introduction to Structural Geology and Tectonics by Stephen Marshak     Download Here 4. Name: 3-D Structural Geology by R.H.Groshong      Download Here 5. Name: Structural Geology of Rocks & Regions 3rd Edition - Davis Reynolds      Download Here 6. Name: Geological Field Techniques Edited By Angela L. Coe     Download Here 7. Name: Seismic Stratigraphy, Basin Analysis and Reservoir Characterisation_Vol37       by Paul C.H. Veeken     Download Here 8. Name: General Dictionary of Geology by Alva Kurniawan, John Mc. Kenzie,                  Jasmine Anita Putri     Download Here 9. Name: The Handy Geology Answer Book    Download Here 10.   Name: Sedimentary Basin Formation-Presentation         Download Here 11. Name: Facies Models Response to Sea Level Change by Walker and James        Dowload Here 12. Name: AAPG Memoir 33 - Carbonate Depositional Environments       Download here 14. Name: Basin Analysis-Principles and Applications by Allen        Download Here 15. Name: Sedimentary Rocks in the Field by Tucker          Download Here 16. Name: Exploration Stratigraphy 2nd Edition - Visher       Download Here 17. Name: Petroleum Geology of Pakistan by Iqbal B. Kadri       Download Here 18. Name: The Geological Interpretation Of Well Logs by Rider       Download Here 19. Name: Digital Signal Processing Handbook by Vijay K. Madisetti       Download Here 20. Name: AAPG Memoir 88 - Giant Hydrocarbon Reservoirs of the World                           Download Here 21. Name: Deep-Water Processes and Facies Models-Implications for Sandstone               Reservoirs by  Dr. Shanmugam       Download Here
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Different Shale Distributions In Low Resistivity Log Response.

First, we are able to begin with a small creation approximately the resistivity logs Resistivity log Technique : produce a current in the adjacent formation and measure the response of the formation to that current. Resistivity logs are used to: ? Decide hydrocarbon-bearing as opposed to water bearing zones ? Suggest permeable zones ? Determine porosity By far the most important use of resistivity logs is the determination of hydrocarbon -bearing versus water-bearing zones. Because the rock’s matrix or grains are non-conductive and any hydrocarbons in the pores are also non-conductive, the ability of the rock to transmit a current is almost entirely a function of water in the pores. As the hydrocarbon saturation of the pores increases (as the water saturation decreases), the formation’s resistivity increases. As the salinity of the water in the pores decreases , the rock’s resistivity also increases. Resistivity tools principle : there are two types of resistivity tool , The dual lateral log ( DLL ) and the induction log ( DIL ) both types measures the resistivity in three zones simultaneously. LLD looks deep into reservoir LLS Looks shallow into the reservoir MSFL reads the resistivity close to the wellbore. Low Resistivity response : High deep resistivity means : HCs or Tight streak  low porosity Low deep resistivity means : Shale or wet sand . Shale : Shale is defined as a fine-grained, indurated detrital sedimentary rock formed by the consolidation (by compression or cementation) of clay, silt, or mud. It is characterized through a finely stratified structure of laminae starting from 0.1 to 0.4 mm thick. Shale carries an considerable content of clay minerals or derivatives from clay minerals, with a excessive content of detrital quartz; containing at the least 50% silt, with 35% clay or mica fraction, and 15% chemical or authigenic substances In petrophysical analysis, shale quantity is one of the key answers used later to accurate porosity and water saturation for the results of clay bound water, (CBW). Shale distribution in shaly sand : Shale can be distributed in several different ways, as shown below. Laminated shale is a unique case in petrophysical evaluation. Standard fashions for porosity and saturation do now not paintings. Dispersed shale is usually composed of from clay minerals that shape in region after deposition due to chemical reactions among the rock minerals and the chemicals within the formation water. Structural shale is normally deposited as particles, grains, or clasts in the course of the initial depositional segment. For instance, the flooding of a river valley can deliver dust or shale from surrounding areas. Different shale distributions have different effect on the sand reservoir . In a sand reservoir contain structure shale : it will affect the reservoir porosity In a sand reservoir comprise laminae shale : it'll have an effect on best the net pay of the reservoir In a sand reservoir contain : it will affect the porosity and permeability of the reservoir and also it will lead to a shortcut in the resistivity log response , which may result in a miss lead in the interpretation of the reservoir porosity and saturation  , it could be interpreted as sand bearing water instead of a sand contain dispersed shale. So, the question here is how to distinguish among them and to keep away from this wrong interpretation ?! Let?S anticipate that you have a a hundred% easy sand reservoir. So the full porosity of this reservoir is 30% and the sand grains will represent 70% of the quantity of the reservoir Hint : Porosity of sandstone is 30 % and porosity of shale is 10% Case 1 : In the case of the presence of structure shale , So in this case shale grains will update sand grains ( extent of 70% ) , the shale will convey its 10% porosity with it. In other words , The porosity may be stronger by 10% inside the quantity of 70% of the sand So , the porosity will increase via 70/10 and the entire porosity can be = 37 % Case 2 : In the case of the presence of laminae shale , in this case shale will replace the whole reservoir ( 100 & ) and also will bring its own 10% porosity. In other words , the porosity will be reduced from 30% to 10% Case 3 : In the case of the presence of dispersed shale , in this case shale we will replace the porosity  volume it self ( 30 % ) and as usual it will bring its own porosity. In other words , the porosity will be reduced into 3% ( 30 / 10 )Summarized figure for the different shale distributions  in shaly sand reservoir  and it’s effect on the reservoir porosity. Shale distribution versi proposed by Thomas and Stieber (Tyagi et al . 2009). Here V shale is the volume of shale, φ total is the total porosity, φ max is the maximum porosity, and φ sh is the porosity in shale Conclusion : So, we can differentiate between the three different types of shale distribution and according to the type we can make the right interpretation for the porosity and the saturation of the sand reservoir , also we will avoid the miss leading interpretation in the shortcut in the resistivity log. Photo Credits: Ahmed Adel Originally blog is written by Ahmed Adel
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Negative Oil Prices - Barokong

A fun tidbit sent to me by a good friend in the money management industry. NYM WTI Crude oil is negative $37.73. They pay you to take it. The catch: you need an oil tanker and a place to park it. It went down from $-11.42 in the 10 minutes we were emailing about it. Update: From an email correspondent: Exchanges are very careful to match approved warehouse space with the production capacity of the region surrounding the delivery point. Warehousemen can do extremely well under conditions of surplus supply.  Where are the warehousemen? I would expect that EPA regulations on constructing tank storage and pipelines have hampered the response time in developing storage capacity. The latter I can believe. China can build a hospital in 10 days, but zoning permitting and many other regulations would make it impossible to build an oil storage tank in a mere 2 months in the US. Where is the US strategic petroleum reserve?
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Off The Deep End: Navigating The Climate Crisis Eco-Distress - Barokong

No, it's not a joke, or the Babylon Bee, it's a real situs web at a real top university, which a number of readers of this blog have probably graduated from or donate money to. Dialogue Circle: Navigating the Climate Crisis The climate crisis has been impactful and many have turned to activism and supporting environmental justice movements. This is very meaningful work and can also create a sense of despair, burnout, anger, hopelessness, and other distressing emotions. CPS counselors will help to facilitate a conversation and create a supportive space to process such experiences. Mindfulness and Eco-Anxiety Eco-anxiety is the fear we feel (sometimes acutely, sometimes as an underlying dread) about the climate crisis. Join in a discussion of how you experience eco-anxiety, and how mindfulness can help us respond to it. We’ll discuss managing worry loops, staying compassionate with difficult feelings and purpose-based coping, as well as practice a mindfulness meditation. Forest Therapy Forest therapy provides a chance to connect, slow down, and cope with the stressors of life, including eco-distress and other emotional experiences related to the climate crisis. The jokes write themselves. An alternative suggestion: Spend some time learning and listening before activisting.Bjorn Lonborg's website is a good place to start.  You'll be just as upset, but for different reasons. In the meantime, where is the safe space for traumatized libertarians or people who wish for basic facts in public policy? *** Update:  I seem not to be able to post comments to my own blog. A response to JZ who disparages Bjorn Lonborg, and praises the impartial science of the IPCC. Here are some choice quotes from the latest IPCC report. "Confidence" means scientific confidence that the quoted steps are necessary to reduce global temperatures D3.2. ... adaptation projects can.. increase gender and social inequality... adaptations [must i] that include attention to poverty and sustainable development (high confidence). D6. Sustainable development supports, and often enables, the fundamental societal and systems transitions and transformations that help limit global warming... in conjunction with poverty eradication and efforts to reduce inequalities [high confidence]…. D6.1. Social justice and equity are core aspects of climate-resilient development pathways that aim to limit global warming to 1.5°C... D7.2. Cooperation on strengthened accountable multilevel governance that includes non-state actors such as industry, civil society and scientific institutions, coordinated sectoral and cross-sectoral policies at various governance levels, gender-sensitive policies.... (high confidence). D7.4. Collective efforts at all levels, ... taking into account equity as well as effectiveness, can facilitate strengthening the global response to climate change, achieving sustainable development and eradicating poverty (high confidence) Don't you love all that a-political, hard-nosed, reproducible, quantifiable, always skeptical science?
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Climate Clarity - Barokong

The  carbon elephant in the room: (Data from EIA) In case "Asia and Oceania" vs. "North America" isn't clear  enough: Just why have China's carbon emissions risen  so much in the last decade? China  has been building  about one coal  fired  power  plant a week. China uses half again more energy than the US, to produce  $13.6 trillion vs. $20.5 trillion of GDP. That energy is strikingly weighted to coal (90 vs. 14  QBTU). Why does this fact matter? Carbon policy seems to feature a lot of local responses to a global  problem, from a US Green New Deal, to Californians' interesting faith that electric cars and high speed trains are the best way to bring the rains and to prevent wildfires. In my little  world of monetary policy, Bank of England governor  Mark Carney has taken the lead demanding a "commitment of all actors in the financial system to act will help avoid a climate-driven ‘Minsky moment’. " (The ring of nice bank you have there  it would be a shame if something should happen to it is unmistakeable in his comments.) He also channeled Bastiat's broken windows with the fallacy that "climate action bolsters economic growth." (In case you don't get the reference: investing in a technology that produces the same thing more expensively does not help long-run growth. It may help the environment, but it does not help growth. Carney isn't  the only one in a high place repeating this nostrum.) Even the IMF has a new initiative to nag central banks of small countries having exchange rate crises that they need to take "proactive steps"  to "promote a greener world," with  “green quantitative easing” programs" to  "purchase of bonds funding energy-efficient/renewable projects." Let's see, just what is the  effect of, say, Argentina, moving to electric cars, on Argentina's GDP and ability to pay its debts, via lowering global carbon emissions, in the next decade or two? 0.0000000 ... how many zeros  do I  need before a digit? And then China builds a new coal-fired power  plant. Trapping the mice will not clean up the droppings on the floor as long as there is an elephant in the room. (Credit toFed Chair Jay Powell for staying off the bandwagon, declaring that  “Climate change is an important issue but not principally for the Fed,” and recognizing the increasingly forgotten limited mandate of independent central banks: “We’re not going to be the ones to decide society’s response. That is for elected officials, not us.” But this is really about how it gets done. The same elected officials can pass laws expanding the Fed's mandate to include the purchase of green new deal bonds, and Powell's  point is only that  they should do so and not nag him to do it on their behalf without legislation.) A  puzzle:  Just  why has China  decided to grow via coal? Yes, they have a lot of it and can import it from Australia cheaply. But China also has plenty of nuclear expertise, and, apparently, the wherewithal to build 3,000 miles of tunnels and fill them with nuclear weapons. If a one-party state can  do  anything it ought to be able to avoid regulatory regime that has stymied modern-technology  nuclear power development in the US. The air in Beijing is testament to that! China could have electrified by nuclear energy, mimicking France, producing no carbon and none of the more pressing horrible smog.  Why did it not do so? Why is China  so energy intensive? I welcome comments from China experts. More puzzles: Why is the climate policy world so blind to this elephant in the room? OK, I can see a certain lack of climate urgency in the Trump Administration, so that they would focus all China-whining on intellectual property and bilateral trade deficits might make sense. But why is the rest of the climate world not focused laser-like on the big problem, and so insistent on local efforts that will make no difference to anything? HT to  Niall Ferguson who showed a version of this graph at the Hoover retreat.
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Alexander Hamiltons Solar Panels - Barokong

I think I finally have figured out why California is mandating solar panels on top of houses. (WSJ story here.) As energy, environmental, or housing policy, it borders on the absurd, as pretty much everyone quickly figured out. Just to recap, remember that most rooftop solar does not power the house underneath it. The energy goes out to the grid. Why not, you ask? Well, the rooftop energy comes at the wrong time, and we don't yet have economical storage, so you have to be connected to the grid anyway. Given that, the costs of switches to let the roof partially power the house at sometimes, power the grid at other times, is not worth the zero benefit. After all, electricity is electricity and your light bulb does not care where it came from. So rooftops are just a place to put the electric utility's solar panels. Now let's consider, where is the best place to put solar panels that feed the grid? Option A: (OK, in reality the Mojave desert, or the vast stretches of wasteland along I-5 pockmarked with angry farmer billboards, but the camels are cute.) Option B: The roof of a typical northern California house: http://www.redwoodhikes.com/Dewitt/Dewitt.html (OK, I'm having fun with this one, but you get the point. Actually a house off the grid is one place where rooftop solar does make a lot of sense, but you don't have to force people to buy them in that case.) To belabor the point, people like to build houses near trees. Trees shading roofs are heavily protected in Palo Alto where I live, and you risk massive fines if you cut one down. House roofs don't always pitch to the southwest at the optimum angle. A house is an expensive and flammable structure for a solar panel. You need to be a lot more careful putting it up there than out in the desert. In California especially, each installation needs a separate design, design review, permits, and so on. Code requirements are stringent. Each installation needs big switches, where the fire department can get at them (and a separate one for the battery). Each house needs a separate set of switches to connect to the grid. All of these fixed costs are spread way out on a commercial solar farm out in the desert. And so on. We don't operate tiny coal burning generators in each house for the same good reasons. So why is California doing it? Grumpy free marketers tend to bemoan nitwit liberalism, but economics teaches us to look for rational maximizing actors even in government. So here is a suggestion. It's actually a brilliant move. Large-scale rooftop solar is only sustained by subsidies -- tax credits for installation and the requirement that homeowners can sell power to their fellow citizens (through the utility) at above-market rates. To put the matter mildly, not everybody thinks these subsidies are a good idea, and moreover you can't count on Washington to maintain subsidies for the 30 year lifespan of solar panels. You never know, someone like, say, Donald Trump might get elected president and start tearing apart energy subsidies. So, once solar panels are on the rooftops of thousands of registered voters, you have a natural constituency that will vote and otherwise pressure the state, the administration, congress, and agencies to continue solar subsidies. The Alexander Hamilton story is that he wanted the US federal government to take on the state debts from the revolutionary war, in part to create a class of bondholders who would support the federal government's ability to raise taxes, to pay off that debt. Putting solar panels on houses, though ridiculously inefficient from an energy or environment point of view, achieves the same thing, in a nefarious sort of way. Too bad they can't just give each of us a solar panel out in the desert, the way some charities show you "your" child in some third-world country. Once a year, you get a card "Happy holidays! I'm your solar panel, number 3457 in the Mojave desert. I've had a great year pumping out electricity! Here is your check for $357.52 in subsidies and power generation. Remember to vote on election day!"
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